Hubert Harrison, in 1917, established the 1st organization (The Liberty League) and the first newspaper (The Voice) of the New Negro Movement.

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Scotia Seminary (now Barber-Scotia College) was the 1st historically black female institution of higher education, 1867; Concord, North Carolina.

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Rebecca Lee Crumpler, was the 1st black woman to become a physician in the United States after becoming a Doctor of Medicine is 1864; New England Female Medical College, now known as the Boston University School of Medicine.

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Autherine Juanita Lucy was the 1st black student to attend the University of Alabama, 1956.

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Harry Belafonte was the 1st Jamaican American to win an Emmy, for Revlon Revue: Tonight with Belafonte, 1959.

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William Attaway, a black man to create the National Negro Insurance Association, 1915, a first.

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Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary (now Spelman College) is the oldest historically black women’s college, 1881; Atlanta, Georgia.

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Bernice Johnson Reagon, in the early 1960s, was the black female founding member of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee’s Freedom Singers in the Albany Movement.

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Septima Clark was known as the “Grandmother” of the Civil Rights Movement, for her work in literacy and citizenship workshops that played an important role in the drive for voting rights and civil rights for blacks, 1954.

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John Henrik Clarke was the first black pioneer in the creation of Pan-African, Africana studies, and professional institutions in academia starting in the late 1960s.

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